基于非线性扩散率归一化的GAC模型图像分割

为了消除主动轮廓模型耗时的重新初始化过程,在分析了主动轮廓曲线演化特性的基础上,引入改进的符号距离函数的约束项到变分GAG模型中,该约束项是一个非线性热方程,通过对非线性热方程扩散率的归一化,使水平集函数始终快速稳定的保持符号距离函数的特性,新算法减少了迭代次数和运行时间.另外,新算法采用灵活的初始化方法和保持曲线二维梯度和散度算子旋转不变性的离散化数值方案,提高了分割算法对模糊边缘的辨别能力.实验表明该方法是有效的,对噪声有很强的鲁棒性.     

改进LMD及高阶模糊度函数的管道泄漏定位

针对天然气管道泄漏定位的问题,提出一种基于改进局域均值分解(LMD)及高阶模糊度函数的时延估计方法。该方法首先采用改进的LMD对声发射信号进行分解,获得多个PF分量,进而提出根据K-L散度的PF分量自动选择算法,获取含有主要泄漏信息的PF分量,在此基础上,研究了基于高阶模糊度函数计算声发射信号的时频参数,并通过时频分析获取特征频率的到达时间差,最后结合泄漏产生的广义声发射信号的传播速度完成对天然气管道泄漏的定位。实验结果表明,提出的方法能够进行定位且精度较直接相关法明显提高。     

English speakers attend more strongly than Spanish speakers to manner of motion when classifying novel objects and events.

Three experiments provide evidence that the conceptualization of moving objects and events is influenced by one's native language, consistent with linguistic relativity theory. Monolingual English speakers and bilingual Spanish/English speakers tested in an English-speaking context performed better than monolingual Spanish speakers and bilingual Spanish/English speakers tested in a Spanish-speaking context at sorting novel, animated objects and events into categories on the basis of manner of motion, an attribute that is prominently marked in English but not in Spanish. In contrast, English and Spanish speakers performed similarly at classifying on the basis of path, an attribute that is prominently marked in both languages. Similar results were obtained regardless of whether categories were labeled by novel words or numbered, suggesting that an English-speaking tendency to focus on manner of motion is a general phenomenon and not limited to word learning. Effects of age of acquisition of English were also observed on the performance of bilinguals, with early bilinguals performing similarly in the 2 language contexts and later bilinguals showing greater contextual variation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于逻辑合取的语言真值概念格合并算法

针对人工智能领域中有关不确定性自然语言的研究，将格值逻辑引入概念格，提出了自然语言转换为语言真值的方法，并基于语言真值格蕴涵代数建立了语言真值概念格.通过对各语言真值形式背景及形式概念间关系的分析，演示了由多个语言真值概念格的合并而构造完整概念格的具体过程，进而给出了语言真值概念格基于逻辑合取的合并定理与算法.实验表明，与Bordat算法相比，当属性个数增多时，适当的合并算法能够使其时间复杂度呈指数型降低.     

Parameter identifiability with Kullback–Leibler information divergence criterion

We study the problem of parameter identifiability with Kullback–Leibler information divergence (KLID) criterion. The KLID‐identifiability is defined, which can be related to many other concepts of identifiability, such as the identifiability with Fisher's information matrix criterion, identifiability with least‐squares criterion, and identifiability with spectral density criterion. We also establish a simple check criterion for the Gaussian process and derive an upper bound for the minimal identifiable horizon of Markov process. Furthermore, we define the asymptotic KLID‐identifiability and prove that, under certain constraints, the KLID‐identifiability will be a sufficient or necessary condition for the asymptotic KLID‐identifiability. The consistency problems of several parameter estimation methods are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Grounding spatial language in perception: An empirical and computational investigation.

The present paper grounds the linguistic categorization of space in aspects of visual perception; specifically, the structure of projective spatial terms such as above are grounded in the process of attention and in vector-sum coding of overall direction. This is formalized in the attentional vector-sum (AVS) model. This computational model accurately predicts linguistic acceptability judgments for spatial terms, under a variety of spatial configurations. In 7 experiments, the predictions of the AVS model are tested against those of 3 competing models. The results support the AVS model and disconfirm its competitors. The authors conclude that the structure of linguistic spatial categories can be partially explained in terms of independently motivated perceptual processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Generalizing linguistic structures under high attention demands.

We explored whether the generalization of rules based on simple structures depends on attention. Participants were exposed to a stream of artificial words that followed a simple syllabic structure (ABA or AAB), overlaid on a sequence of familiar noises. After passively listening, participants successfully recognized the individual words present in the stream among foils, and they were able to generalize the underlying word structure to new exemplars. Yet, when attention was diverted from the speech stream (by requiring participants to monitor the sequence of noises), recognition of the individual words fell dramatically irrespective of word structure, whereas generalization depended on stimulus structure. For structures based on vowel repetitions across nonadjacent syllables (ABA; Experiment 1), generalization was affected by attention. In contrast, for structures based on adjacent repetitions (AAB; Experiment 2), generalization capacity was unaffected by attention. This pattern of results was replicated under favorable conditions for generalization, such as increased token variability and the implementation of the rule over whole syllables (Experiments 3 and 4). These results suggest a differential effect of attention on rule learning and generalization depending on stimulus structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

从词典编译看英文语言学术语汉译的基本原则

文章重点分析了国内现有3本编译类语言学词典的优点和不足。3本词典的优点是编排形式渐趋合理,不断补充新词并增加原有词条的最新用法,及时纠正不当译名;缺点是某些译名不够准确,同时译名缺乏系统性。在此基础上提出了英文语言学术语汉译的5个原则：准确性原则、全面性原则、一致性原则、互参性原则和区别性原则。     

乔姆斯基简评(英文)

著名语言学家乔姆斯基,被誉为当代认知科学之父,为语言学发展做出了杰出贡献。然而,一些消极评价也纷至沓来。本文从其对语言学的贡献出发来探讨其个性特征,旨在展示这一伟大人物人性之辉煌与其贡献一样让世人叹服。